Question
I would like to know what are the chemical reactions (equations) involved in gold dissolution in aqua regia.
Answer
There's a combination of reactions going on when aqua regia dissolves gold.
Aqua regia combines the presence of a strong oxidizer (nitric acid) and the free chloride ions (from HCl) which readily dissolves gold.
Other strong oxidizers are also formed in the mixture, most notably chlorine gas and nitrosyl chloride. However, the main reaction is the oxidation of gold by nitric acid and the subsequent stabilization of the gold ion by chloride ions.
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